Hvem daterede Alexander Den Store?

Hefaistion (Oldgræsk: Ἡφαιστίων, lat. Hephaestio, ca. 356–324 f.Kr.) var Alexander den Stores bedste ven, og muligvis også elsker. Han blev født i 356 f.Kr. som søn af en makedonisk adelsmand Amyntor. Nogle mener dog, at han var lidt ældre, og at han døde 324 f.Kr.

Før invasionen af Indien anerkendte Alexander Hefaistion som næstkommanderende. Alexander indsatte tit en anden general sammen med Hefaistion, andre gange var Alexander selv med ham. Curtius, Diodor og Arrian fortæller alle, at om morgenen efter Slaget ved Issos gik han og Hefaistion hen for at aflægge den tilfangetagne royale persiske familie et besøg. Dareios 3. var flygtet, så hans mor faldt for Hefaistions fødder i den tro, han var Alexander, for at bede om nåde. Da hun opdagede sin fejltagelse, undskyldte hun, men Alexander svarede: "Du tog ikke fejl, moder, denne mand er også Alexander." I 332 f.Kr. anførte Hefaistion flåden mod Egypten, senere blev han bl.a. betroet en vigtig post på retræten fra det nordlige Indien.

Da de nåede Susa, i det persiske imperium, giftede Alexander sig med Dareiros datter, Stateira 2., og gav hendes søster til Hefaistion, så de blev svogre. I modsætning til de andre makedonere bifaldt Hefaistion Alexanders amalgameringspolitik (sammensmeltningspolitik).

I efteråret 324 f.Kr. var Alexander og hans hær i byen Ekbatana vinteren over. Under legene for hoffet blev Hefaistion alvorligt syg og døde en uge senere. Ifølge legenden skulle Alexander have barberet sig helt skaldet, klippet manen af alle krigshestene, aflyst alle festligheder, jævnet en helligdom i Ekbatana viet til Æskulap med jorden og korsfæstet lægen, der behandlede Hefaistion. Derefter tog han til Babylon for at begrave liget. Det blev bestemt at Hefaistion skulle dyrkes som en hero.

Barsine (Greek: Βαρσίνη; c. 363–309 BC) was the daughter of a Persian father, Artabazus, satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia, and a Greek Rhodian mother, the sister of mercenaries Mentor of Rhodes and Memnon of Rhodes. Barsine became the wife of her uncle Mentor, and after his death married her second uncle, Memnon.

In 334 BC, the year of Alexander's invasion of Asia, she and her children were sent by Memnon to the king Darius III as hostages for his fidelity; and in the ensuing year, when Damascus was betrayed to the Macedonians, she fell into the hands of Alexander, by whom it is said that she became the mother of Heracles.

Twelve years after Alexander's death in 323, Nearchus, who was Barsine's son-in-law, unsuccessfully advocated for Heracles' claim to the throne, who was, then, seventeen, which meant he was born about five years after Barsine and Alexander supposedly met in Damascus, in 333 BC. From a comparison of the accounts of Diodorus and Justin, it appears that he was brought up at Pergamum under his mother's care, and that she shared his fate when in 309 BC Polyperchon was induced by Cassander to murder him. Barsine is sometimes confused with Stateira II, wife of Alexander, who also may have been called "Barsine".

Campaspe (; Greek: Καμπάσπη, Kampaspē), or Pancaste (; Greek: Παγκάστη, Pankastē; also Pakate), was a supposed mistress of Alexander the Great and a prominent citizen of Larissa in Thessaly. No Campaspe appears in the five major sources for the life of Alexander and the story may be apocryphal. The biographer Robin Lane Fox traces her legend back to the Roman authors Pliny (Natural History), Lucian of Samosata and Aelian's Varia Historia. Aelian surmised that she initiated the young Alexander in love.

According to tradition, she was painted by Apelles, who had the reputation in antiquity for being the greatest of painters. The episode occasioned an apocryphal exchange that was reported in Pliny's Natural History: "Seeing the beauty of the nude portrait, Alexander saw that the artist appreciated Campaspe (and loved her) more than he. And so Alexander kept the portrait, but presented Campaspe to Apelles." Fox describes this bequest as "the most generous gift of any patron and one which would remain a model for patronage and painters on through the Renaissance." Apelles also used Campaspe as a model for his most celebrated painting of Aphrodite "rising out of the sea", the iconic Venus Anadyomene, "wringing her hair, and the falling drops of water formed a transparent silver veil around her form".

Cleophis (Sanskrit: Kripa ) was an Assacani queen and key figure in the war between the Assacani people and Alexander the Great. Cleophis was the mother of Assacanus, the Assacanis' war-leader at the time of Alexander's invasion in 326 BCE. After her son's death in battle, Cleophis assumed command and negotiated a settlement that allowed her to retain her status. Later accounts claim Cleophis had a son by Alexander, a notion dismissed by historians.

The Assacani (called Ashvakas in Sanskrit, from the word Ashva, meaning "horse") were an independent people who lived in parts of the Swat and Buner valleys in ancient Gandhara. These highlanders were rebellious, fiercely independent clans who resisted subjugation.