Hvem daterede Augustus II the Strong?

Augustus II the Strong (12 May 1670 – 1 February 1733), was Elector of Saxony as Frederick Augustus I (German: Friedrich August I) from 1694 as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1697 to 1706 and from 1709 until his death in 1733. He belonged to the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin.

Augustus' great physical strength earned him the nicknames "the Strong", "the Saxon Hercules" and "Iron-Hand". He liked to show that he lived up to his name by breaking horseshoes with his bare hands and engaging in fox tossing by holding the end of his sling with just one finger while two of the strongest men in his court held the other end. He is also notable for fathering a very large number of children, with contemporary sources claiming a total of between 360 and 380.

In order to be elected king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Augustus converted to Catholicism. As a Catholic, he received the Order of the Golden Fleece from the Holy Roman Emperor and established the Order of the White Eagle, Poland's highest distinction. As elector of Saxony, he is perhaps best remembered as a patron of the arts and architecture. He transformed the Saxon capital of Dresden into a major cultural centre, attracting artists from across Europe to his court. Augustus also amassed an impressive art collection and built lavish baroque palaces in Dresden and Warsaw. In 1711, he served as the Imperial vicar of the Holy Roman Empire.

His reign brought about many troubles to Poland. He led the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Great Northern War, which allowed the Russian Empire to strengthen its influence in Europe, especially within Poland. His main pursuit was bolstering royal power in the Commonwealth, characterised by broad decentralisation in comparison with other European monarchies. In order to reduce the autonomy of the Commonwealth's subjects, he used foreign powers, leading to the destabilisation of the country. Augustus ruled Poland with a 3-year interruption between 1706 and 1709; in 1704, the Swedes installed nobleman Stanisław Leszczyński as king, who officially reigned from 1706 to 1709 and then after Augustus' death in 1733, which sparked the War of the Polish Succession.

Augustus' body was buried in Poland's royal Wawel Cathedral in Kraków, but his heart rests in the Dresden Cathedral. His only legitimate son, Augustus III of Poland, became king in 1733.

Erdmuta Zofia von Dieskau (1698-1767), was a Polish aristocrat. She replaced Marianna Denhoff as the mistress of Augustus II the Strong in 1719 and was replaced by Henrietta von Osterhausen in 1720.

Countess Maria Aurora von Königsmarck (Swedish: Aurora Königsmarck) (28 April 1662 – 16 February 1728) was a Swedish and German noblewoman of Brandenburg extraction and mistress of Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland.

Ana Katharina (Henriette) Rénard (1685 – 26 May 1721), was a mistress of Augustus the Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony and mother of his daughter, the later Countess Anna Karolina Orzelska.

Anna Constantia von Brockdorff (Gut Depenau, 17 de outubro de 1680 - Stolpen, 31 de março de 1765), depois Condessa de Cosel, foi uma nobre e amante alemã do rei Augusto II da Polônia. Eventualmente, ele se virou contra ela e a exilou para a Saxônia, onde morreu após 49 anos de prisão.

Ursula Katharina of Altenbockum, divorced Princess Lubomirska, married Duchess von Württemberg-Winnental (Polish: Urszula Katarzyna Lubomirska z domu Bokum; 25 November 1680 – 4 May 1743), later Imperial Princess of Teschen (German: Reichsfürstin von Teschen), was a Polish-German noblewoman and mistress of Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony, in 1700-1705. In 1722 she married Prince Frederick Louis of Württemberg-Winnental.

Marianna Denhoff (1685–1730), also Maria Magdalena, Gräfin von Dönhoff, née Bielińska, was a German-Polish aristocrat. She was the daughter of Kazimierz Ludwik Bieliński, a noble, politician, and diplomat and Ludwika Maria Morsztyn, daughter of Jan Andrzej Morsztyn.

Maria Aurora Spiegel (geb. vor 1685; gest. nach 1725), genannt Fatima, nach eigener Angabe „geborne von Kahrimann“, gehörte zu den sogenannten Beutetürken, die während des Großen Türkenkrieges von Kriegern der christlichen Militärkoalition in den eroberten Gebieten des Osmanischen Reiches aufgegriffen und verschleppt wurden. Sie lebte zunächst als Pflegetochter bei der Gräfin Aurora von Königsmarck und gelangte mit dieser 1694 an den Hof des Kurfürsten Friedrich August I. von Sachsen (ab 1697 als August II. auch König von Polen-Litauen). Mindestens zwischen 1701 und 1706 unterhielt der Kurfürst-König mit ihr eine heimliche Affäre, während der sie zwei Kinder gebar, die August später als die seinigen anerkannte und in den Rang von Grafen erhob. Der Sohn Friedrich August Rutowski schlug eine Militärlaufbahn ein und avancierte bis zum Feldmarschall und Oberkommandierenden des sächsischen Heeres. Zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts diente das außergewöhnliche Schicksal der Maria Aurora Spiegel als Vorlage für zwei historische Romane.

Henrietta von Osterhausen (died 6 November 1727, Dresden), was a German-Polish aristocrat. She is known as the mistress of Augustus II the Strong.

She was a lady-in-waiting to the daughter-in-law of August, Maria Josepha of Austria.

She replaced Erdmuta Zofia von Dieskau as royal mistress in 1720. When the affair was over, Maria Josepha suggested that she become a nun. She did live for the Ursuline convent in Prague, but stayed there only as a guest for a couple of months.

She married Albrecht Zygmunt von Zeigut-Stanisławski on 22 February 1724.

Angélique Debargues, Angélique Duparc (zm. po 1724) – francuska tancerka, primabalerina, metresa króla polskiego i elektora Saksonii Augusta II Mocnego.

Zofia Eleonora Klengel (1674-1755), was a German aristocrat. She is known as the first known mistress of Augustus II the Strong in 1692–1695.

Anna Aloysia Maximiliane Louise von Lamberg (1676 – 28 June 1738), also known as Countess Esterle, was an Austrian countess who was successively the mistress of Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland, and Aleksander Benedykt Sobieski.