Hvem daterede Vilhelm 1. af Hessen?

Kurfyrst Vilhelm 1. af Hessen (født 3. juni 1743 i Kassel, død 27. februar 1821 sammesteds) var en tysk fyrste. Han var landgreve af Hessen-Kassel fra 1785 (som Vilhelm 9.) og blev kurfyrste af Hessen (også kaldt Kurhessen) i 1803 (som Vilhelm 1.).

Han var søn af Frederik 2. af Hessen-Kassel og Marie af Storbritannien. Vilhelms far forlod sin familie i 1747 og konverterede til katolicismen i 1749. I 1756 flyttede Marie med sine sønner til Danmark, hvor Vilhelm voksede op ved hoffet i København sammen med sine to brødre, Carl og Frederik, og hvor Vilhelm i 1764 blev gift med sin kusine Prinsesse Vilhelmine Caroline af Danmark. De to yngre brødre forblev i Danmark, hvor de gjorde karriere ved hoffet, mens Vilhelm efter sit bryllup vendte tilbage til Tyskland, hvor han i 1764 blev regent i rigsgrevskabet Hanau-Münzenberg. Da Vilhelms far døde i 1785, tiltrådte han regeringen i Landgrevskabet Hessen-Kassel som Landgrev Vilhelm 9. I 1803, under Napoleonskrigene, fik han tildelt titel af kurfyrste. Fra 1806 til 1813 havde franskmændene fordrevet Vilhelm fra Hessen. I disse år var han i eksil dels hos broderen Carl af Hessen på Gottorp Slot, dels i Prag.

Karoline von Schlotheim (6 July 1766 - 7 January 1847) was a German noblewoman who was the third and final mistress of William I, Elector of Hesse from 1788 until 1811.

Rosa Dorothea Ritter (29 July 1759 – 13 January 1833), also called Rosette Ritter and Baroness of Lindenthal after 1783, was a German woman who was the second mistress of William I, Elector of Hesse from 1779 until 1788. She was an ancestor of the Barons of Haynau.

Charlotte Christine Buissine or Buissinne (4 April 1749 – after 1781) was a Frenchwoman who was the first mistress of William I, Elector of Hesse from 1775 until 1778.

She was the daughter of a Hanau civil servant, the farmer Henri Buissine, and his wife Charlotte Varlut, both of French descent. Prince William was then and until 1786 regent in the County of Hanau, then a secundogeniture of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel.

Issue:

With William I, Elector of Hesse, Charlotte had four children, three of whom lived to adulthood:

• Wilhelm of Heimrod (16 July 1775 – 6 January 1811)
• Karl of Heimrod (19 July 1776 – 13 May 1827)
• Friedrich of Heimrod (9 August - 30 October 1777), died in infancy
• Friedrich of Heimrod (1778 – 3 September 1813)

The illegitimate children of Charlotte and William received - like their mother - the titles Freiherr/Freifrau/Freiin von Heimrod, the place of birth of the firstborn child.

She was replaced by Rosa Dorothea Ritter as William's second official mistress.

In 1781, she married Christian Friedrich Dietzsch in Friedberg, Hesse.