Hvem daterede Louis de France (1661-1711)?

Louis de France, dit Monseigneur ou le Grand Dauphin, né le 1^er novembre 1661 au château de Fontainebleau et mort le 14 avril 1711 au château de Meudon, est le fils aîné du roi de France Louis XIV et de la reine Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche. Il est de fait dauphin de France en tant que premier-né des fils du roi. Mort avant son père, il n'accède jamais au trône mais il est le père du roi d'Espagne Philippe V et le grand-père du futur roi de France Louis XV. Il est en revanche un grand collectionneur et un esthète éveillé amassant des œuvres d'art spectaculaires pour ses résidences. Il fait embellir le château de Meudon, où il rassemble une cour éclairée et raffinée.

Christine Antoinette Charlotte Desmares (1682 – 12 September 1753), professionally known as M^lle Desmares, was a French stage actress. Scion of a notable comic actor family, she had an active stage career that spanned three decades, performing with the Comédie-Française from 1699 until her retirement in 1721; she was also remembered as a mistress of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France.

Françoise "Fanchon" Pitel de Longchamp (17 January 1662 – 30 September 1721) was a French actress, professionally known by her stage name Mademoiselle Raisin. She retired from the theater in 1701 and became a mistress of Louis, le Grand Dauphin, by whom she had three daughters.

She was born on 17 January 1662 in Grenoble, Dauphiné to Henri Pitel de Longchamp and Charlotte Legrand. Her father, mother, maternal grandfather, sister (Anne) and brother-in-law were all actors. Her uncle Jean Patin (1635-1709), also an actor, was married to Jeanne Beauval, an actress who was famous for her contagious laughter.

Françoise Pitel was engaged in 1679 at the Royal theater company of Hôtel de Bourgogne (theatre), and became a pioneer member of the Comédie-Française in 1680. She belonged to the star attractions of the theatre and successfully performed roles as heroine ingenues in comedies and princesses in tragedies.

On 27 November 1679 she married the talented French actor Jean-Baptiste Raisin (born 1656 in Troyes, died 1693). Over the course of their fourteen-year marriage, she had eight children with him.

As a widow she became a mistress of Louis de Bourbon, Dauphin of France and had three daughters by him:

• Mlle de Fleury, born in Meudon, died young.
• Anne-Louise, Mlle de Fleury, later Mme d'Avaugour (1695 – August 1716), married Anne Errard, marquis d'Avaugour.
• Charlotte, Mlle de Fleury, later Mme de La Jonchère (6 February 1697 – 1750), married Gérard Michel de La Jonchère.

In 1701, she was persuaded to retire from the stage to become full time mistress of the Dauphin. When he died in 1711, she lived comfortably on a pension.

She died on 30 September 1721 in Vignats.

Marie-Armande de Rambures (1662–1689), was a French courtier. She was the first lover of Louis, Dauphin of France (son of Louis XIV).

She was born to René, Marquis de Rambures (d. 1671) and Marie Bautru des Matras (d. 1683).

She was made maid-of-honour to Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria in 1679, and as such was placed under the supervision of Marguerite de Montchevreuil. She was described as lively, witty and charming. She became the first mistress of the Dauphin, which was a scandal at court.

Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine claimed in her letters that Madame de Maintenon did not wish the Dauphine to play any great role at court, slandered her against the king and bribed Barbara Bessola to isolate her. Elizabeth Charlotte claimed that Marguerite de Montchevreuil had been engaged by Maintenon to estrange the Dauphine and her spouse, quote:

"That lady had also another creature in the Dauphine's household: this was Madame de Montchevreuil, the gouvernante of the Dauphine's filles d’honneur. Madame de Maintenon had engaged her to place the Dauphin upon good terms with the filles d’honneur, and she finished by estranging him altogether from his wife. During her pregnancy, which, as well as her lying-in, was extremely painful, the Dauphine could not go out; and this Montchevreuil took advantage of the opportunity thus afforded her to introduce the filles d’honneur to the Dauphin to hunt and game with him. He became fond, in his way, of the sister of La Force, who was afterwards compelled to marry young Du Roure. [...] The Dauphin had an affair of gallantry with another of his wife's filles d’honneur called Rambures. He did not affect any dissimulation with his wife; a great uproar ensued; and that wicked Bessola, following the directions of old Maintenon, who planned everything, detached the Dauphin from his wife more and more. The latter was not very fond of him; but what displeased her in his amours was that they exposed her to be openly and constantly ridiculed and insulted. Montchevreuil made her pay attention to all that passed, and Bessola kept up her anger against her husband."

In 1686, King Louis XIV arranged for her to marry Scipio Sidoine Apollinaire Gaspard de Polignac (1660-1739) in order to dismiss her from court and thus end her relationship with the Dauphin.